भारतीय प्राणी सर्वेक्षण

Zoological Survey Of India

भारत सरकार
Government of India
पर्यावरण, वन और जलवायु परिवर्तन मंत्रालय
Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change

Handbook and
Pictorial Guides

H Handbook Freshwater Molluscs of India

Rao, N. V. Subba

pp 1 - 289 | September 1989
Download Book (PDF)

Foreword
Preface
Author's Preface
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations Used
Classification of Freshwater Mollusca
Introduction General Organisation
Systematic Account Family 1. Neritidae
- Key to genera
  - Genus 1. Neritina Lamarck
    - Key to subgenera
      - Subgenus Neritina s. str.
        
        Speies 1. Neritina (Neritina) pulligera Linnaeus
        
        Subgenus Vittina Baker Species 2. Neritina (Vittina) variegata Lesson
        
        3. N. (V.) turrita Gmelin
        
        4. N. (V.) smithi Wood
        
        5. N. (V.) perottetiana (Recluz)
        
        Subgenus Neripteron Lesson Species 6. Neritina (Neripteron) auriculata Lamarck
        
        Subgenus Dostia Gray Species 7. Neritina (Dostia) violacea (Gmelin)
        
        8. N. (D.) platyconcha Annandale & Prashad
        
        Genus 2. Clithon Montfort Key to species
        
        Subgenus Clithon s. str.
        
        Species 9. Clithon (Clithon) corona (Linnaeus)
        
        10. C. (C.) bicolor (Recluz)
        
        11. C. (C.) reticularis (Sowerby)
        
        Genus 3. Neritodryas Von Martens Species 12. Neritodryas subsulcata (Sowerby)
        
        Genus 4. Septaria Ferussac Key to species
        
        Species 13. Septaria lineata (Lamarck)
        
        14. S. porcellana (Linnaeus)
        
        Family 2. Viviparidae Subfamily Bellamyinae
        
        Key to genera
        
        Genus 5. Bellamya Jousseaume
        
        Key to species
        
        Species 15. Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck)
        
        16. B. crassispiralis (Annandale)
        
        17. B. crassa (Benson)
        
        18. B. dissimilis (Mueller)
        
        19. B. micron (Annandale)
        
        Genus 6. Cipangopaludina Hannibal Species 20. Cipangopaludina lecythis (Benson)
        
        Genus 7. Angulyagra Rao Key to species
        
        Species 21. Angulyagra microchaetophora (Annandale)
        
        22. A. oxytropis (Benson)
        
        Genus 8. Taia Annandale Key to species
        
        Species 23. Taia crassicallosa Annandale and Rao
        
        24. T. elitoralis Annandale
        
        25. T. intha Annandale
        
        26. T. naticoides (Theobald)
        
        27. T. shanensis (Kobelt)
        
        28. T. theobaldi (Kobelt)
        
        Family 3. Valvatidae Genus 9. Valvata O. F. Mueller
        
        Species 29. Valvata piscinalis (Mueller)
        
        30. V. stoliczkana Nevill
        
        Family 4. Pilidae Key to genera
        
        Genus 10. Pila Roeding
        
        Key to species
        
        Species 31. Pila globosa (Swainson)
        
        32. P. nevilliana (Annandale and Prashad)
        
        33. P. olea (Reeve)
        
        34. P. scutata (Mousson)
        
        35. P. theobaldi (Hanley)
        
        36. P. virens (Lamarck)
        
        Genus 11. Tubrinicola Annandale and Prashad Species 37. Turbinicola saxea (Reeve)
        
        38. T. aperta (Philippi)
        
        Family 5. Littorinidae Subfamily Cremnoconchinae Preston
        
        Genus 12. Cremnoconchus Blanford
        
        Subgenus Cremnoconchus s. str.
        
        Species 39. Cremnoconchus (Cremnoconchus) syhadrensis (Blanford)
        
        Subgenus Lissoconchus Thiele Species 40. Cremnoconchus (Lissoconchus) carinatus (Layard)
        
        41. C. (L.) conicus Blanford
        
        Family 6. Hydrobiidae Subfamily Hydrobiinae
        
        Genus 13. Potamopyrgus Stimpson
        
        Subgenus Indopyrgus Thiele
        
        Speies 42. Potamopyrgus (Indopyrgus) nevilli Thiele
        
        Subfamily Triculinae Genus 14. Tricula Benson
        
        Key to the species of Tricula
        
        Species 43. Tricula gravelyi Prashad
        
        44. T. gregoriana expansa Rao
        
        45. T. horae Annandale & Rao
        
        46. T. martini Rao
        
        47. T. montana Benson
        
        48. T. taylori Rao
        
        Subfamily Iravadiinae Genus 15. Iravadia Blanford
        
        Key to species
        
        Species 49. Iravadia annandalei Preston
        
        50. I. ennurensis Preston
        
        51. I. funerea Preston
        
        52. I. princeps Preston
        
        Family 7. Bithyniidae Key to subfamilies
        
        Subfamily Bithyniinae s. str.
        
        Key to genera
        
        Genus 16. Bithynia Leach
        
        Species 53. Bithynia tentaculata kashmirensis (Nevill)
        
        54. B. troscheli (Paasch)
        
        Genus 17. Sataria Annandale Speies 55. Sataria evezardi (Blanford)
        
        Genus 18. Gabbia Tryon Key to species
        
        Species 56. Gabbia orcula Frauenfeld
        
        57. G. orcula!! var. !!producta (Nevill)
        
        58. G. stenothyroides (Dohrn)
        
        59. G. physcus (Annandale)
        
        60. G. alticola (Annandale)
        
        61. G. travancorica (Benson)
        
        Genus 19. Digoniostoma Annandale Key to species
        
        Species 62. D. cerameopoma (Benson)
        
        63. D. pulchella (Benson)
        
        64. D. textum Annandale
        
        Genus 20. Hydrobioides Nevill Key to species
        
        Species 65. Hydrobioides avarix Annandale
        
        66. H. nana Annandale
        
        67. H. nassa (Theobald)
        
        68. H. turrita (Blanford)
        
        Subfamily Mysorellinae Genus 21. Mysorella Godwin-Austen
        
        Species 69. Mysorella costigera (Kuester)
        
        Family 8. Stenothyridae Key to genera
        
        Genus 22. Stenothyra Benson
        
        Key to species
        
        Species 70. Stenothyra blanfordiana Nevill
        
        71. S. deltae (Benson)
        
        72. S. echinata Annandale and Prashad
        
        73. S. foveolata Benson
        
        74. S. hungerfordiana Nevill
        
        75. S. minima (Sowerby)
        
        76. S. nana Prashad
        
        77. S. ornata Annandale and Prashad
        
        78. S. soluta Annandale and Prashad
        
        79. S. woodmasoniana Nevill
        
        Genus 23. Gangetia Ancey Species 80. Gangetia miliacea (Nevill)
        
        Family 9. Thiaridae Key to subfamilies
        
        Subfamily Thiarinae s. str.
        
        Genus 24. Thiara Roding
        
        Key to subgenera
        
        Subgenus Thiara s. str.
        
        Key to species
        
        Species 81. Thiara (Thiara) scabra (MÃ¼ller)
        
        82. T. (T.) amarula (Linnaeus)
        
        83. T. (T.) rudis (Lea)
        
        Subgenus Stenomelania P. Fischer Key to species
        
        Species 84. Thiara (Stenomelania) punctata (Lamarck)
        
        85. T. (S.) plicaria (Born)
        
        86. T. (S.) aspirans (Hinds)
        
        87. T. (S.) torulosa (Bruguiere)
        
        Subgenus Tarebia H. and A. Adams Species 88. Thiara (Tarebia) granifera (Lamarck)
        
        89. T. (T.) lineata (Gray)
        
        Subgenus Sermyla H. and A. Adams Species 90. Thiara (Sermyla) riqueti (Grateloup)
        
        Subgenus Melanoides Olivier Species 91. Thiara (Melanoides) prashadi Ray
        
        92. Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (MÃ¼ller)
        
        93. T. (M.) tuberculata crebra Lea
        
        Subgenus Mainwaringia Nevill Spcies 94. Thiara (Mainwaringia) puludomoidea Nevill
        
        Subfamily Melanatriinae Genus 25. Sulcospira Troschel
        
        Species 95. Sulcospira hÃ¼geli (Philippi)
        
        Genus 26. Brotia H. & A. Adams Subgenus Antimelania Crosse and Fischer
        
        Species 96. Brotia (Antimelania) costula (Rafinesque)
        
        Subfamily Melanopsinae Genus 27. Faunus Montfort
        
        Species 97. Faunus ater (Linnaeus)
        
        Subfamily Paludominae Genus 28. Paludomus Swainson
        
        Key to subgenera
        
        Subgenus Paludomus s. str.
        
        Species 98. Paludomus (Paludomus) andersoniana Nevill
        
        99. P. (P.) annandalei Preston
        
        100. P. (P.) blanfordiana Nevill
        
        101. P. (P.) burmanica Nevill
        
        102. P. (P.) conica Gray
        
        103. P. (P.) chilinoides Reeve
        
        104. P. (P.) dhuma Rao
        
        105. P. (P.) inflatus Brot
        
        106. P. (P.) nana Nevill
        
        107. P. (P.) obesus (Philippi)
        
        108. P. (P.) ornatus Benson
        
        109. P. (P.) palustris Layard
        
        110. P. (P.) parvula Rao
        
        111. P. (P.) pustulosa Annandale
        
        112. P. (P.) reticulata Blanford
        
        113. P. (P.) rotunda Blanford
        
        114. P. (P.) stephanus (Benson)
        
        115. P. (P.) regulata (Benson)
        
        116. P. (P.) tanschauricus (Gmelin)
        
        Subgenus Philopotamis Layard Species 117. Paludomus (Philopotamis) bicinctus Reeve
        
        118. P. (P.) nigricans Reeve
        
        119. P. (P.) regalis Layard
        
        120. P. (P.) sulcatus Reeve
        
        Subgenus Tanalia Gray Species 121. Paludomus (Tanalia) loricatus Reeve
        
        122. P. (T.) neritoides Reeve
        
        123. P. (T.) solidus Dohrn
        
        Subgenus Stomatodon Benson Species 124. Paludomus (Stomatodon) stomatodon Benson
        
        Subclass Pulmonata Order Basommatophora
        
        Family 10. Lymnaeidae
        
        Genus 29. Lymnaea Lamarck
        
        Key to species
        
        Subgenus Pseudosuccinea Baker
        
        Species 125. Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinae) acuminata Lamarck
        
        126. L. (P.) biacuminata Annandale and Rao
        
        127. L. (P.) luteola Lamarck
        
        128. L. (P.) ovalior Annandale and Prashad
        
        129. L. (P.) horae Annandale and Rao
        
        130. L. (P.) gedrosiana Annandale and Prashad
        
        131. L. (P.) mimetica Annandale
        
        132. L. (P.) shanensis Annandale
        
        Subgenus Galba Schrank Species 133. Lymnaea (Galba) bowelli Preston
        
        134. L. (G.) laticallosa Annandale and Rao
        
        135. L. (G.) hookeri Reeve
        
        136. L. (G.) andersoniana Nevill
        
        137. L. (G.) truncatula (Mueller)
        
        Subgenus Radix Montfort Species 138. Lymnaea (Radix) persica Issel
        
        139. L. (R.) auricularia (Linnaeus)
        
        140. 1!L. (R.) brevicauda!! Sowerby
        
        141. L. (R.) peregra (Mueller)
        
        Subgenus Lymnaea s. str. Species 142. Lymnaea (Lymnaea) stagnalis (Linnaeus)
        
        Subgenus Stagnicola Leach Species 143. Lymnaea (Stagnicola) tungabhadraensis Ray
        
        Family 11. Ancylidae Genus 30. Ferrissia Walker
        
        Key to species
        
        Species 144. Ferrissia baconi (Bourguignat)
        
        145. F. ceylanica (Benson)
        
        146. F. tenuis (Bourguignat)
        
        147. F. verruca (Benson)
        
        148. F. viola Annandale and Prashad
        
        Family 12. Planorbidae Key to genera
        
        Subfamily Bulininae
        
        Genus 31. Indoplanorbis Annandale and Prashad
        
        Species 149. Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes)
        
        Genus 32. Camptoceras Benson Key to species
        
        Subgenus Camptoceras s. str.
        
        Species 150. Camptoceras (Camptoceras) austeni Blanford
        
        151. C. (C.) terebra Benson
        
        Subgenus Culmenella Clench Species 152. Camptoceras (Culmenella) lineatum Blanford
        
        153. C. (C.) subspinosum Annandale and Prashad
        
        Subfamily Segmentininae Key to genera
        
        Genus 33. Hippeutis Charpentier
        
        Subgenus Hippeutis s. str.
        
        Species 154. Hippeutis (Hippeutis) fontanus (Lightfoot)
        
        Subgenus Helicorbis Benson Species 155. Hippeutis (Helicorbis) capitis (Annandale)
        
        156. H. (H.) umbilicalis (Benson)
        
        Genus 34. Segmentina Fleming Subgenus Polypylis Pilsbry
        
        Species 157. Segmentina (Polypylis) calatha (Benson)
        
        158. S. (P.) taia (Annandale and Rao)
        
        159. S. (P.) trochoidea (Benson)
        
        Subfamily Planorbinae s. str. Genus 35. Planorbis Geoffroy
        
        Species 160. Planorbis (Planorbis) tangitarensis Germain
        
        161. P. rotundatus Poiret
        
        Genus 36. Gyraulus Charpentier Species 162. Gyraulus barrackporensis (Clessin)
        
        163. G. convexiusculus (Hutton)
        
        164. G. euphraticus (Mousson)
        
        165. G. labiatus (Benson)
        
        166. G. ladacensis Nevill
        
        167. G. pankongensis (von Martens)
        
        168. G. rotula (Benson)
        
        169. G. saltensis Germain
        
        170. G. velifer (Annandale)
        
        Class Bivalvia Order Arcoida
        
        Family 13. Arcidae
        
        Subfamily Anadarinae
        
        Genus 37. Scaphula Benson
        
        Species 171. Scaphula celox Benson
        
        172. S. deltae Blanford
        
        173. S. pinna Benson
        
        Order Unionida Family 14. Unionidae
        
        Subfamily Unioninae
        
        Key to genera
        
        Genus 38. Lamellidens Simpson
        
        Species 174. Lamellidens consobrinus Lea
        
        175. L. corrianus Lea
        
        176. L. generosus (Gould)
        
        177. L. indawgyiensis Prashad
        
        178. L. jenkinsianus (Benson)
        
        179. L. jenkinsianus daccaensis (Preston)
        
        180. L. jenkinsianus obesa (Hanely and Theobald)
        
        181. L. lamellatus Lea
        
        182. L. marginalis (Lamarck)
        
        183. L. phenchooganjensis Preston
        
        184. L. scutum (Sowerby)
        
        Genus 39. Arcidopsis Simpson Species 185. Arcidopsis footei (Theobald)
        
        Genus 40. Oxynaia Haas Species 186. Oxynaia pugio (Benson)
        
        Family 15. Amblemidae Subfamily Ambleminae
        
        Genus 41. Pseudodon Gould
        
        Subgenus Pseudodon s. str.
        
        Species 187. Pseudodon (Pseudodon) inoscularis (Gould)
        
        Subgenus Trigonodon Conrad Species 188. Pseudodon (Trigonodon) crebristriatus (Anthony)
        
        189. Pseudodon (Trigonodon) peguensis (Anthony)
        
        Subgenus Indopseudodon Prashad 190. Pseudodon (Indopseudodon) ava (Theobald)
        
        191. Pseudodon (Indopseudodon) salwenianus (Gould)
        
        Genus 42. Solenaia Conrad Species 192. Solenaia soleniformis (Benson)
        
        Subfamily Parreysiinae Genus 43. Parreysia Conrad
        
        Key to subgenera
        
        Subgenus Parreysia s. str.
        
        Species 193. Parreysia (Parreysia) annandalei Preston
        
        194. P. (P.) bhamoensis (Theobald)
        
        195. P. (P.) burmanus (Blanford)
        
        196. P. (P.) choprae Prashad
        
        197. P. (P.) corbis (Benson)
        
        198. P. (P.) corrugata (Mueller)
        
        199. P. (P.) corrugata laevirostris (Benson)
        
        200. P. (P.) corrugata nagpoorensis (Lea)
        
        201. P. (P.) cylindrica Annandale and Prashad
        
        202. P. (P.) favidens (Benson)
        
        203. P. (P.) favidens assamensis Preston
        
        204. P. (P.) favidens chrysis (Benson)
        
        205. P. (P.) favidens deltae (Benson)
        
        206. P. (P.) favidens viridula (Benson)
        
        207. P. (P.) feae (Tapparone-Canefri)
        
        208. P. (P.) feddeni (Theobald)
        
        209. P. (P.) gowhattensis (Theobald)
        
        210. P. (P.) houngdaranicus (Tapparone-Canefri)
        
        211. P. (P.) mandelayensis (Theobald)
        
        212. P. (P.) alivacea Prashad
        
        213. P. (P.) perconvexa Preston
        
        214. P. (P.) rajahensis (Lea)
        
        215. P. (P.) sikkimensis (Lea)
        
        216. P. (P.) smaragdites (Benson)
        
        217. P. (P.) tavoyensis (Gould)
        
        218. P. (P.) triembolus (Benson)
        
        Subgenus Radiatula Simpson Species 219. Parreysia (Radiatula) andersoniana (Nevill)
        
        220. P. (R.) bonneaudi (Eydoux)
        
        221. P. (R.) caerulea (Lea)
        
        222. P. (R.) caerulea gaudichaudi (Eydoux)
        
        223. P. (R.) chaudhurii (Preston)
        
        224. P. (R.) crispisulcata (Benson)
        
        225. P. (R.) involuta (Benson)
        
        226. P. (R.) khadakvaslaensis (Ray)
        
        227. P. (R.) lima (Simpson)
        
        228. P. (R.) nuttalliana (Lea)
        
        229. P. (R.) occata (Lea)
        
        230. P. (R.) olivaria (Lea)
        
        231. P. (R.) pachysoma (Benson)
        
        232. P. (R.) shurtleffiana (Lea)
        
        233. P. (R.) theobaldi (Preston)
        
        Genus 44. Scabies Haas Species 234. Scabies crispata (Gould)
        
        Subfamily Rectidentinae Genus 45. Trapezoideus Simpson
        
        Species 235. Trapezoideus exolescens exolescens (Gould)
        
        Genus 46. Physunio Simpson Subgenus Physunio s. str.
        
        Species 236. Physunio (Physunio) ferrugineus Annandale
        
        237. P. (P.) micropteroides Annandale
        
        Subgenus Velunio Haas Species 238. P. (Velunio) velaris (Sowerby)
        
        Family 16. Aetheriidae Genus 47. Acostaea d'Orbigny
        
        Subgenus Pseudomulleria Anthony
        
        Species 239. Acostaea (Pseudomulleria) dalyi E. A. Smith
        
        Family 17. Margaritiferidae Genus 48. Margaritifera Schumacher
        
        Subgenus Margaritanopsis Haas
        
        Species 240. Margaritifera (Margaritanopsis) laosensis (Lea)
        
        Order Veneroida Family 18. Corbiculidae
        
        Key to genera
        
        Genus 49. Corbicula Megerle von Muehlfeld
        
        Species 241. Corbicula annandalei Prashad
        
        242. C. arata (Sowerby)
        
        243. C. assamensis Prashad
        
        244. C. bensoni Deshayes
        
        245. C. cashmiriensis Deshayes
        
        246. C. iravadica Blanford
        
        247. C. krishnaea Ray
        
        248. C. noetlingi von Martens
        
        249. C. peninsularis Prashad
        
        250. C. solida Clessin
        
        251. C. striatella Deshayes
        
        252. C. subnitens Clessin
        
        253. C. sylhetica Preston
        
        254. C. tibetensis Prashad
        
        Genus 50. Villorita Griffith and Pidgeon Key to species
        
        Species 255. V. corbiculoides Prashad
        
        256. V. cornucopia Prashad
        
        257. V. cyprinoides (Gray)
        
        Genus 51. Batissa Gray Species 258. Batissa inflata Prime
        
        259. B. similis Prime
        
        Genus 52. Geloina Gray Species 260. Geloina bengalensis (Lamarck)
        
        261. G. erosa (Solander)
        
        Family 19. Pisidiidae Key to genera
        
        Genus 53. Sphaerium Scopoli
        
        Subgenus Sphaerium s. str.
        
        Key to species
        
        Species 262. Sphaerium (Sphaerium) austeni Prashad
        
        263. S. (S.) avanum Theobald
        
        264. S. (S.) indicum Deshayes
        
        265. S. (S.) kashmirensis Prashad
        
        266. S. (S.) montanum Tapparone Canefri
        
        Genus 54. Pisidium Pfeiffer Subgenus Pisidium s. str.
        
        Species 267. P. (P.) casertanum (Poli)
        
        Subgenus Odhneripisidium Kuiper Species 268. Pisidium (Odhneripisidium) annandalei Prashad
        
        269. P. (O.) appressum Prashad
        
        270. P. (O.) atkinsonianum Theobald
        
        271. P. (O.) kuiperi Dance
        
        272. P. (O.) stewarti Preston
        
        273. P. (O.) yarkandense Prashad
        
        274. P. (O.) zugmayeri Weber
        
        Subgenus Afropisidium Kuiper Species 275. Pisidium (A.) clarkeanum G. & H. Nevill
        
        276. P. (A.) ellisi Dance
        
        277. P. (A.) nevillianum Theobald
        
        278. P. (A.) stoliczkanum Prashad
        
        Subgenus Eupisidium Species 279. P. (E.) mitchelli Prashad
        
        Family 20. Cultellidae Genus 55. Tanysiphon Benson
        
        Species 280. Tanysiphon rivalis Benson
        
        Genus 56. Neosolen Ghosh Species 281. Neosolen aquaedulcioris Ghosh
        
        Family 21. Solecurtidae Subfamily Novaculininae
        
        Genus 57. Novaculina Benson
        
        Species 282. Novaculina andamanensis Preston
        
        283. N. gangetica Benson
        
        Freshwater Molluscs in Aquaculture Freshwater Pearls
        
        Shell-fisheries of North Bihar
        
        Bibliography Subject Index
        
        Addendum
        
        Appendix List of Common Freshwater Molluscs of India
        
        Index